Selasa, 04 Mei 2010
Modul Training Of the Trainer (TOT) Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Puskesmas
Pelayanan Kefarmasian merupakan bagian integral dari sistem pelayanan kesehatan termasuk di dalamnya pelayanan kefarmasian di Puskesmas yang merupakan unit pelaksana teknis Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten/Kota. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan mutu pelayanan kefarmasian namun kenyataannya dari monitoring yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa pelayanan kefarmasian di Puskesmas belum diterapkan secara optimal. Beberapa faktor yang menjadi penyebabnya antara lain karena belum tersedianya standar, belum semua Puskesmas mempunyai tenaga Apoteker maupun tenaga teknis kefarmasian serta kemampuan tenaga farmasi yang masih kurang sehingga memberikan dampak terhadap mutu pelayanan kefarmasian yang selanjutnya berdampak terhadap mutu pelayanan kesehatan. Modul Training of Trainer Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Puskesmas ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dan kelengkapan dalam penyelenggaraan pelatihan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan wawasan tenaga farmasi di Puskesmas.
New children's medicine guide released by UNICEF and WHO
29 APRIL 2010 | GENEVA -- A new publication that lists medicines formulated for children is being made available online by UNICEF and the World Health Organization, to help doctors and organizations obtain some of the 240 essential medicines that can save the lives of children.
"An estimated 9 million children die each year from preventable and treatable causes. Improved availability and access to safe child-specific medicines is still far from reality for many children in poor countries. This one-of-its-kind publication will be useful for organizations and personnel involved in procurement to identify where medicines may be found and what they cost," said Hans Hogerzeil, Director Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies at WHO. More than half of these deaths are caused by diseases which could be treated with safe essential child-specific medicines: acute respiratory infections - pneumonia (17%), diarrhoeal diseases (17%), neonatal severe infections (9%), malaria (7%), and HIV/AIDS (2%).
Sources and prices of selected medicines for children
The second edition of Sources and prices of selected medicines for children offers current details on 612 different paediatric formulations of 240 medicines selected from the ‘WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children’, as well as therapeutic food, and vitamin and mineral supplements, to treat major childhood illnesses and diseases. The information is vital for development and health partners who procure and supply essential medicines for children.
Challenges to obtain child-specific medicines
The guide notes that the number of sources is limited for the paediatric treatment of diarrhoea and HIV/AIDS, and there is still a serious challenge to obtain child-specific medicines to treat tropical infections endemic in Africa and Asia. The guide ranks the availability of the identified medicines, and notes that 75% of the formulations included are available for purchase. There are several sources for children’s medicines and treatments to address opportunistic infections, palliative care, pain and pneumonia. Availability of paediatric formulations for treatments of malaria, maternal and newborn care, and tuberculosis was fair.
Newborn care is often lacking in poor countries, particularly in hard to reach communities. At the time of publication, there was no information from manufacturers for respiratory stimulants and pulmonary surfactants for the treatment of apnoea and respiratory distress syndrome in newborns.
Although diseases such as schistosomiasis, filariasis, and parasites transmitted through soil, are endemic in some parts of Africa and Asia, there are few manufacturers who produce child-specific medicines to treat these neglected diseases. Broadening the market search for essential medicines in this category is a serious challenge.
"While effective medicines exist to fight disease and treat life-threatening conditions like malnutrition, formulations suitable for children are often difficult to source,” said Francisco Blanco, Chief of Medicines & Nutrition, UNICEF Supply Division. “The data in this edition confirms that much more research and effort needs to be made to make medicines for children more available and accessible for those who need them most."
As an alternative to missing paediatric medicines, health-care workers and parents often use fractions of adult dosage forms or prepare makeshift prescriptions of medicines by crushing tablets or dissolving portions of capsules in water. This is not always safe or effective as the dose will not be accurate. Other challenges include the need for more clinical trials and research to be carried out on paediatric medicines.
WHO recommendation
WHO recommends that wherever possible, medicines for children should be provided as flexible, solid, oral dosage forms that can be administered in a liquid when it is given to the sick child. Liquid formulations are more expensive to purchase compared with dispersible tablets and are also more costly to store, package, and transport safely.
Sources and prices of selected medicines for children is part of UNICEF/WHO work to make essential medicines for children more universally available. Since the launch of the campaign "make medicines child size" in 2007, WHO and UNICEF have been working in partnership to raise awareness and accelerate action to address the serious gaps that contribute to nine million preventable child deaths every year.
"An estimated 9 million children die each year from preventable and treatable causes. Improved availability and access to safe child-specific medicines is still far from reality for many children in poor countries. This one-of-its-kind publication will be useful for organizations and personnel involved in procurement to identify where medicines may be found and what they cost," said Hans Hogerzeil, Director Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies at WHO. More than half of these deaths are caused by diseases which could be treated with safe essential child-specific medicines: acute respiratory infections - pneumonia (17%), diarrhoeal diseases (17%), neonatal severe infections (9%), malaria (7%), and HIV/AIDS (2%).
Sources and prices of selected medicines for children
The second edition of Sources and prices of selected medicines for children offers current details on 612 different paediatric formulations of 240 medicines selected from the ‘WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children’, as well as therapeutic food, and vitamin and mineral supplements, to treat major childhood illnesses and diseases. The information is vital for development and health partners who procure and supply essential medicines for children.
Challenges to obtain child-specific medicines
The guide notes that the number of sources is limited for the paediatric treatment of diarrhoea and HIV/AIDS, and there is still a serious challenge to obtain child-specific medicines to treat tropical infections endemic in Africa and Asia. The guide ranks the availability of the identified medicines, and notes that 75% of the formulations included are available for purchase. There are several sources for children’s medicines and treatments to address opportunistic infections, palliative care, pain and pneumonia. Availability of paediatric formulations for treatments of malaria, maternal and newborn care, and tuberculosis was fair.
Newborn care is often lacking in poor countries, particularly in hard to reach communities. At the time of publication, there was no information from manufacturers for respiratory stimulants and pulmonary surfactants for the treatment of apnoea and respiratory distress syndrome in newborns.
Although diseases such as schistosomiasis, filariasis, and parasites transmitted through soil, are endemic in some parts of Africa and Asia, there are few manufacturers who produce child-specific medicines to treat these neglected diseases. Broadening the market search for essential medicines in this category is a serious challenge.
"While effective medicines exist to fight disease and treat life-threatening conditions like malnutrition, formulations suitable for children are often difficult to source,” said Francisco Blanco, Chief of Medicines & Nutrition, UNICEF Supply Division. “The data in this edition confirms that much more research and effort needs to be made to make medicines for children more available and accessible for those who need them most."
As an alternative to missing paediatric medicines, health-care workers and parents often use fractions of adult dosage forms or prepare makeshift prescriptions of medicines by crushing tablets or dissolving portions of capsules in water. This is not always safe or effective as the dose will not be accurate. Other challenges include the need for more clinical trials and research to be carried out on paediatric medicines.
WHO recommendation
WHO recommends that wherever possible, medicines for children should be provided as flexible, solid, oral dosage forms that can be administered in a liquid when it is given to the sick child. Liquid formulations are more expensive to purchase compared with dispersible tablets and are also more costly to store, package, and transport safely.
Sources and prices of selected medicines for children is part of UNICEF/WHO work to make essential medicines for children more universally available. Since the launch of the campaign "make medicines child size" in 2007, WHO and UNICEF have been working in partnership to raise awareness and accelerate action to address the serious gaps that contribute to nine million preventable child deaths every year.
Stakeholder meeting for drug information and pharmacovigilance in Vietnam
Nguyen Xuan Hung of the Vietnamese Pharmaceutical Association recently informed FIP that in October of this year, the Vietnam Ministry of Health in cooperation with the WHO office in Hanoi and other NGOs organized the workshop "Stakeholder Meeting of Drug Information and Pharmacovigilance Systems in Vietnam". About 200 delegates from the US and French France Embassies, non-government organizations, industry, hospitals and medical and pharmaceutical institutes took part in workshop.
Dr Cao Minh Quang, Vice-Minister and Dr. Jean Marc Olive, the Head of WHO office in Hanoi chaired the workshop.
Dr. Cao Minh Quang said:"Ensuring the rational, safe and efficacious use of drugs is one of main objectives of Vietnam National Drug Policy. The Ministry of Health constantly pays attention to carry out NDP, especially promoting the rational use of drugs. Still in 1998 the Vietnam Drug Information center was recognised by the Stockholm ADR center as the 55th member. Now, in March of 2009 the MOH decided to establish the National Center of Drug information and Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring (National center of DI&ADR ) on the basis of the former ADR center. The objectives of this Center are to collect and supply information about ADR, providing guidelines to health establishments at different levels, international cooperation and consultancy, providing services in the DI&ADR area....".
Dr. Jean Marc Olive underlined: Problem of Drug and Pharmacovigilance can be succesful, when there is good cooperation between hospitals, institutions, patients from all over the country; the combination of therapeutic section with the industry and regulatory authority; the co-ordination with world stakeholders.
WHO leaves the responsibility to Vietnam to establish the system DI&PV in the country so that this system can work properly, effectively and economicaly.
Dr Cao Minh Quang, Vice-Minister and Dr. Jean Marc Olive, the Head of WHO office in Hanoi chaired the workshop.
Dr. Cao Minh Quang said:"Ensuring the rational, safe and efficacious use of drugs is one of main objectives of Vietnam National Drug Policy. The Ministry of Health constantly pays attention to carry out NDP, especially promoting the rational use of drugs. Still in 1998 the Vietnam Drug Information center was recognised by the Stockholm ADR center as the 55th member. Now, in March of 2009 the MOH decided to establish the National Center of Drug information and Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring (National center of DI&ADR ) on the basis of the former ADR center. The objectives of this Center are to collect and supply information about ADR, providing guidelines to health establishments at different levels, international cooperation and consultancy, providing services in the DI&ADR area....".
Dr. Jean Marc Olive underlined: Problem of Drug and Pharmacovigilance can be succesful, when there is good cooperation between hospitals, institutions, patients from all over the country; the combination of therapeutic section with the industry and regulatory authority; the co-ordination with world stakeholders.
WHO leaves the responsibility to Vietnam to establish the system DI&PV in the country so that this system can work properly, effectively and economicaly.
World Health Day - Pharmacists make cities healthier!
As part of their daily activities, many pharmacists around the world organized health promotion activities within their local communities. Some of them offer guidelines and support for healthy lifestyles, by preventing obesity amongst their communities through dedicated campaigns such as "Balanced diet, healthy life" organised in Cuidad Real, Spain (click here for a You Tube video of the campaign).
Moreover, pharmacists through their daily practice and targeted programmes also improve the environment of our cities through the collection of pharmaceutical waste in order to prevent the population from exposure to pharmaceuticals.
And, in several countries, such as in Ireland , pharmacists' organisations have developed policy and guidelines to improve disabled patients' access to their community pharmacies [Accessibility for Customers with Disabilities in Community Pharmacies: Some Practical Advice], so that our cities become friendlier for everyone.
For more information on World Health Day 2010 and activities around the world, please visit the WHO Website here
Moreover, pharmacists through their daily practice and targeted programmes also improve the environment of our cities through the collection of pharmaceutical waste in order to prevent the population from exposure to pharmaceuticals.
And, in several countries, such as in Ireland , pharmacists' organisations have developed policy and guidelines to improve disabled patients' access to their community pharmacies [Accessibility for Customers with Disabilities in Community Pharmacies: Some Practical Advice], so that our cities become friendlier for everyone.
For more information on World Health Day 2010 and activities around the world, please visit the WHO Website here
FIP WHO Open Forum on the International Medical Products Anti-Counterfeiting Taskforce (IMPACT)
On the 26th March 2010, FIP was invited to moderate a WHO Open Forum on the International Medical Products Anti-Counterfeiting Taskforce (IMPACT) which brought together 48 WHO Member States and 28 international development agencies, NGOs and private sector organizations from around the world to share information on the work of IMPACT, and review the feed-back from WHO Member States on the use of the term "counterfeit medicines" and/or equivalent in national legislation.
The meeting was a valuable opportunity to present detailed overview of the technical work that IMPACT has undertaken since 2006.
Issues pertaining to the work on counterfeit medicines remains unresolved as there is a lack of consensus among Member States on the definition of the term "counterfeit". The complexity of the challenge was further revealed in a preliminary report by the WHO Secretariat on the survey of terms as used in national legislation of Member States and reinforced by ongoing research of the IMPACT Working Group on Legislation and Regulatory Infrastructure.
A number of Member States remained concerned about the mandate of WHO's to work on issues relating to counterfeit medicines even though the WHO secretariat presented relevant World Health Assembly Resolutions WHA 41.16 (1988) and WHA 47.13 (1994), both of which calls upon WHO to "to assist Member States in their efforts in combating the use of counterfeit drugs" which forms the basis for the overall WHO's Counterfeit Medicines Programme including the work of IMPACT. Examples of other similar multi-stakeholder partnerships exists under the auspices of WHO.
Echoing the views of many in the room, Ton Hoek, General Secretary of FIP and chair of the IMPACT Working Group on Communications said "we must realise that the use of counterfeit medicines can result in treatment failure leading to drug resistance or even death. In addition, public confidence in health-delivery systems may be eroded following use and/or detection of counterfeit medicines". Counterfeit medical products are real threats to personal and public health worldwide, therefore WHO is the most appropriate health agency to address this issue globally.
In conclusion, it is recognised that the imminent rapid growth of counterfeit medicines will only be stopped through global cooperation among governments, international agencies, legislators, law enforcement units, health care professions, patient groups and industry representatives from all countries of the world. It is also with the social imperative that pharmacists as health care professions need to take in the way we fight against counterfeit medical products in our daily practice. The misnomer of "it will never happen to me" is a dangerous one.
The meeting was a valuable opportunity to present detailed overview of the technical work that IMPACT has undertaken since 2006.
Issues pertaining to the work on counterfeit medicines remains unresolved as there is a lack of consensus among Member States on the definition of the term "counterfeit". The complexity of the challenge was further revealed in a preliminary report by the WHO Secretariat on the survey of terms as used in national legislation of Member States and reinforced by ongoing research of the IMPACT Working Group on Legislation and Regulatory Infrastructure.
A number of Member States remained concerned about the mandate of WHO's to work on issues relating to counterfeit medicines even though the WHO secretariat presented relevant World Health Assembly Resolutions WHA 41.16 (1988) and WHA 47.13 (1994), both of which calls upon WHO to "to assist Member States in their efforts in combating the use of counterfeit drugs" which forms the basis for the overall WHO's Counterfeit Medicines Programme including the work of IMPACT. Examples of other similar multi-stakeholder partnerships exists under the auspices of WHO.
Echoing the views of many in the room, Ton Hoek, General Secretary of FIP and chair of the IMPACT Working Group on Communications said "we must realise that the use of counterfeit medicines can result in treatment failure leading to drug resistance or even death. In addition, public confidence in health-delivery systems may be eroded following use and/or detection of counterfeit medicines". Counterfeit medical products are real threats to personal and public health worldwide, therefore WHO is the most appropriate health agency to address this issue globally.
In conclusion, it is recognised that the imminent rapid growth of counterfeit medicines will only be stopped through global cooperation among governments, international agencies, legislators, law enforcement units, health care professions, patient groups and industry representatives from all countries of the world. It is also with the social imperative that pharmacists as health care professions need to take in the way we fight against counterfeit medical products in our daily practice. The misnomer of "it will never happen to me" is a dangerous one.
Minggu, 02 Mei 2010
One vision for Indonesian society
Reform at health area have established health Development Vision that stated deep 2010 healthy Indonesian motto. Vision that wants to be reached through that health development is society, nation, and state that marked by:
1. Its resident is living in environment and with healthy living behaviour,
2. Having ability to reach quality health care fair ala and merata
3. Having health degree that at the farthest at all Republic Of Indonesia region.
In healthy Indonesia 2010, environmentally which is expected is kondusif's one divides to materialize it healthy situation which is:
1. Environmentally which releases from pollution,
2. Most actually fresh water,
3. Sanitasi environmentally which is equal to,
4. Housing and healthy settlement,
5. Area planning that gets health knowledge, and
6. Its materializes society life that mutually pet nation culture points.
Healthy Indonesian society behaviour 2010 one are expected are:
1. One that gets character proactiving to pet and increase health,
2. Preventing its happening risk disease,
3. Protecting against diseased threat and participates active in society health movement.
Hereafter quality society ability without available interference, well that gets economy and also one character get character non economy. Quality health care meant in here is health care that satisfy service and one user is evened out according to default and profession service manner. Expected by materializes it environment and healthy life behaviour and increases it society ability, degree individual health, family and society gets to be increased by optimal ala. (embraced of various health reference)
1. Its resident is living in environment and with healthy living behaviour,
2. Having ability to reach quality health care fair ala and merata
3. Having health degree that at the farthest at all Republic Of Indonesia region.
In healthy Indonesia 2010, environmentally which is expected is kondusif's one divides to materialize it healthy situation which is:
1. Environmentally which releases from pollution,
2. Most actually fresh water,
3. Sanitasi environmentally which is equal to,
4. Housing and healthy settlement,
5. Area planning that gets health knowledge, and
6. Its materializes society life that mutually pet nation culture points.
Healthy Indonesian society behaviour 2010 one are expected are:
1. One that gets character proactiving to pet and increase health,
2. Preventing its happening risk disease,
3. Protecting against diseased threat and participates active in society health movement.
Hereafter quality society ability without available interference, well that gets economy and also one character get character non economy. Quality health care meant in here is health care that satisfy service and one user is evened out according to default and profession service manner. Expected by materializes it environment and healthy life behaviour and increases it society ability, degree individual health, family and society gets to be increased by optimal ala. (embraced of various health reference)
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